Copyright Page Biography
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. Byers
Project Editor: Suzanne M. Bourgoin
Managing Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. Tosky
Permissions Specialist: Maria L. Franklin
Permissions Associate: Michele M. Lonoconus
Image Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth Trimper
Production Manager: Evi Seoud
Production Associate: Shanna Heilveil
Product Design Manager: Cynthia Baldwin
Senior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. Cariappa
Research Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. Oudersluys
Research Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. Warnock
Research Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara Yarrow
Image Database Supervisor: Randy Bassett
Imaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. Allison
Data Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. Rocklin
Programmers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2542-6 (Volume 2)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2553-1 (Volume 13)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1.Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997 920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. TroskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Manager: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Logusz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2557-4 (Volume 17)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2549-3 (Volume 9)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2552-3 (Volume 12)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Volume 23
Project EditorAndrea Kovacs Henderson
EditorialLaura Avery, Luann Brennan, Leigh Ann DeRemer, Jennifer Mossman, Tracie Ratiner
Editorial Support ServicesAndrea Lopeman
PermissionsMargaret A. Chamberlain
Imaging and MultimediaDean Dauphinais, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Lezlie Light, Dan Newell, David G. Oblender, Robyn V. Young
ManufacturingStacy Melson
©2004 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning ™ are trademarks used herein under license.
For more information, contact
The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd.Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535Or you can visit our Internet site athttp://www.gale.comALL RIGHTS RESERVED
No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher.
For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to:
Permissions Department
The Gale Group, Inc.27500 Drake Rd.Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline: 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006 Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice.
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
ISBN 0-7876-5285-7
ISSN 1099-7326
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. Byers
Project Editor: Suzanne M. Bourgoin
Managing Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. Tosky
Permissions Specialist: Maria L. Franklin
Permissions Associate: Michele M. Lonoconus
Image Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth Trimper
Production Manager: Evi Seoud
Production Associate: Shanna Heilveil
Product Design Manager: Cynthia Baldwin
Senior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. Cariappa
Research Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. Oudersluys
Research Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. Warnock
Research Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara Yarrow
Image Database Supervisor: Randy Bassett
Imaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. Allison
Data Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. Rocklin
Programmers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2544-2 (Volume 4)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2547-7 (Volume 7)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set: alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Volume 22
Project EditorAndrea Kovacs Henderson
EditorialLaura Avery, Luann Brennan, Leigh Ann DeRemer, Jennifer Mossman, Tracie Ratiner
Editorial Support ServicesAndrea Lopeman
PermissionsMargaret Chamberlain
Imaging and MultimediaRobert Duncan, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Lezlie Light, Dan Newell, David G. Oblender, Robyn V. Young
ManufacturingStacey Melson
©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license.
For more information, contact
The Gale Group, Inc.27500 Drake Rd.Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535Or you can visit our Internet site athttp://www.gale.comALL RIGHTS RESERVED
No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher.
For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to:
Permissions DepartmentThe Gale Group, Inc.27500 Drake Rd.Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535Permissions Hotline: 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice.
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
ISBN 0-7876-5284-9
ISSN 1099-7326
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2551-5 (Volume 11)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Project Editor: Jennifer Mossman
Editorial Staff: Laura Avery, Frank V. Castronova, Leigh Ann DeRemer, Andrea Kovacs Henderson, Aaron J. Oppliger, Noah Schusterbauer
Permissions Manager: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Specialist: Margaret A. Chamberlain
Production Director: Dorothy MakiProduction Manager: Evi SeoudBuyer: Kely DaSilvaGraphic Artist: Mike Logusz
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialist: Barbara McNeil
Imaging Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialists: Robert Duncan, Dan NewellImaging Coordinator: Pam ReedImaging and Multimedia Content Editor: Kelly A. Quin
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska and Andrea Lopeman
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 2000
Gale Group, Inc.27500 Drake RoadFarmington Hills, MI 48331-3535ISBN 0-7876-3720-3
ISSN 1099-7326
Gale Group Inc., an International Thomson Publishing Company.Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2541-8 (Volume 5)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. Byers
Project Editor: Suzanne M. Bourgoin
Managing Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. Tosky
Production Director: Mary Beth Trimper
Permissions Specialist: Maria L. Franklin
Production Manager: Evi Seoud
Permissions Associate: Michele M. Lonoconus
Production Associate: Shanna Heilveil
Image Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Product Design Manager: Cynthia Baldwin
Senior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. Cariappa
Research Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. Oudersluys
Research Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. Warnock
Research Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara Yarrow
Image Database Supervisor: Randy Bassett
Imaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. Allison
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. Rocklin
Data Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Programmers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2541-8 (Volume 1)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2548-5 (Volume 8)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set: alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21 97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Project Editor: Jennifer MossmanSenior Editor: Terrie M. Rooney
Editorial Staff: Frank V. Castronova, Leigh Ann DeRemer, Andrea Kovacs Henderson, Katherine H.Nemeh, Aaron J. Oppliger, Paul J. Podzikowski, Noah Schusterbauer
Permissions Manager: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Specialist: Margaret A. ChamberlainPermissions Associate: Shalice Shah-Caldwell
Production Director: Dorothy MakiProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Wendy BlurtonProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialist: Barbara McNeil
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Logusz
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska and Jeffrey Muhr
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 2000
Gale Group, Inc.27500 Drake RoadFarmington Hills, MI 48331-3535ISBN 0-7876-3183-3
ISSN 1099-7326
Gale Group Inc., an International Thomson Publishing Company.Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Project Editor: Terrie M. RooneySenior Editor: Paula K. Byers
Editorial Staff: Suzanne M. Bourgoin, Luann Brennan, Leah Burton, Frank V. Castronova, Karen E. Lemerand, Bruce A. MacDonald, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, and Neil E. Walker
Indexer: Susan Carroll
Permissions Manager: Susan M. TroskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associates: Edna M. Hedblad and Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associates: Shanna Heilveil and Carolyn FischerProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialist: Barbara McNeilAdministrative Assistant: Phyllis P. Blackman
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Logusz
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska and Jeffrey Muhr
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1999
Gale Research27500 Drake Rd.Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535ISBN 0-7876-2945-6
ISSN 1099-7326
Gale Research, an International Thomson Publishing Company.ITP logo is a trademark under license.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2550-7 (Volume 10)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2541-8 (Volume 1)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Project Editor: Jennifer Mossman
Editorial Staff: Laura Avery, Leigh Ann DeRemer,
Permissions Manager: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Specialist: Shalice Shah
Production Director: Dorothy MakiProduction Manager: Evi SeoudBuyer: Stacy MelsonGraphic Artist: Mike Logusz
Imaging Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialists: Robert Duncan, Dan NewellImaging Coordinator: Pam ReedImaging and Multimedia Content Editor: Kelly A. Quin
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammer/Analyst: Andrea Lopeman
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 2001
Gale Group, Inc.27500 Drake RoadFarmington Hills, MI 48331-3535ISBN 0-7876-5283-0
ISSN 1099-7326
Gale Group Inc., an International Thomson Publishing Company.Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license.
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2556-6 (Volume 16)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2546-9 (Volume 6)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2555-8 (Volume 15)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Staff
Senior Editor: Paula K. ByersProject Editor: Suzanne M. BourgoinManaging Editor: Neil E. Walker
Editorial Staff: Luann Brennan, Frank V. Castronova, Laura S. Hightower, Karen E. Lemerand, Stacy A. McConnell, Jennifer Mossman, Maria L. Munoz, Katherine H. Nemeh, Terrie M. Rooney, Geri Speace
Permissions Manager: Susan M. ToskyPermissions Specialist: Maria L. FranklinPermissions Associate: Michele M. LonoconusImage Cataloger: Mary K. Grimes
Production Director: Mary Beth TrimperProduction Manager: Evi SeoudProduction Associate: Shanna HeilveilProduct Design Manager: Cynthia BaldwinSenior Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Research Manager: Victoria B. CariappaResearch Specialists: Michele P. LaMeau, Andrew Guy Malonis, Barbara McNeil, Gary J. OudersluysResearch Associates: Julia C. Daniel, Tamara C. Nott, Norma Sawaya, Cheryl L. WarnockResearch Assistant: Talitha A. Jean
Graphic Services Supervisor: Barbara YarrowImage Database Supervisor: Randy BassettImaging Specialist: Mike Lugosz
Manager of Data Entry Services: Eleanor M. AllisonData Entry Coordinator: Kenneth D. Benson
Manager of Technology Support Services: Theresa A. RocklinProgrammers/Analysts: Mira Bossowska, Jeffrey Muhr, Christopher Ward
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale Research Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
™ This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1998
Gale Research835 Penobscot Bldg.Detroit, MI 48226-4094ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (Set)
ISBN 0-7876-2554-X (Volume 14)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of world biography / [edited by Suzanne Michele Bourgoin and Paula Kay Byers].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Presents brief biographical sketches which provide vital statistics as well as information on the importance of the person listed.
ISBN 0-7876-2221-4 (set : alk. paper)
1. Biography—Dictionaries—Juvenile literature. [1. Biography.] I. Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele, 1968-. II. Byers, Paula K. (Paula Kay), 1954-.
CT 103.E56 1997920' .003—dc21
97-42327
CIP
AC
Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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